King Tiger's World War 2 Battlefield Tour (Europe)


24. Major General Stanislaw Sosabowski - A Betrayal Too Far

There are many famous general around the world like General Patton, Bradley, Eisenhower, Rommel, Erich von Manstein, Yamashita, Zhukov and etc.
One of my most respectable is no other than Major General Stanislaw Sosabowsk.

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Major General Stanislaw Sosabowski (8 May 1892 – 25 September 1967) was a Polish general in World War II.
He fought in the Battle of Arnhem (Netherlands) in 1944 as commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade.

Sosabowsk take part in the defence of Poland when Germany invaded Poland in 01 Sep 1939.
Though Polish's forces being outmanned and outgunned, constant bombardment and repeated every day German attacks;
Sosabowsk's units managed to repel many German attack and hold on to his defense objectives.
However, on 28 September 1939, Warsaw surrender and Sosabowski was made a prisoner of war.

He manage to escaped, joined the Polish resistance and reach France via Hungary and Romania.
At France, he command the 4th Polish Division during the Battle of France.
When France surrendered, he fought his way to the channel coast and took his men to England.
Upon his arrival in London, Sosabowski decided to transform his brigade (some of the remnant of the Polish forces) into a Parachute Brigade, the first such unit in the Polish Army.
The volunteers came from all the formations of the Polish Army.
Sosabowski made his first parachute jumps and he himself passed the training at the age of 49 years old, .

In early August 1944, news of the Warsaw Uprising arrived in Great Britain.
Conflict arise as the Brigade was ready to be dropped by parachute into Warsaw but not possible due to the long distance and Russian's denial.
The British staff threatened its Polish counterpart with disarmament of the Brigade, but Sosabowski retained control of his unit.
And his Brigade was place under British command, and the plan to send it to Warsaw was abandoned.
 

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Operation Market Garden : Battle of Arnhem

The Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade was among the Allied forces taking part in Operation Market Garden.
Due to a shortage of transport aircraft, the Brigade was split into several parts before being dropped into the battle in different site and timing of the day.
Three times Sosabowski's units attempted to cross the Rhine to assist of the surrounded British 1st Airborne Divison but their attempted river crossing in small rubber boats come under heavy fire.
Even so, at least 200 men cross the river and reinforced the embattled British paratroopers.
Despite the difficult situation, during staff meeting, Sosabowski suggested that the battle could still be won.
He proposed that the combined forces of 30th Corps and the Polish Brigade should start an all-out assault on the German positions and try to break through the Rhine.
This plan was not accepted, and during the last phase of the battle, on 25 and 26 September, Sosabowski led his men southwards, shielding the retreat of remnants of British 1st Airborne.
Casualties among the Polish units were high, approaching 40%.

After the battle, on 5 October 1944, Sosabowski received a letter from Montgomery, describing the Polish soldiers as having fought bravely and offering awards to 10 of his soldiers.

On 14 October 1944, Montgomery wrote another letter, this time to the British commanders, in which Montgomery scapegoated Sosabowski for the failure of Operation Market Garden . ***
Sosabowski was accused of criticising Field Marshal Montgomery, and the Polish General Staff was forced to remove him as the commanding officer of his brigade on 27 December 1944.
Sosabowski was eventually made the commander of rearguard troops and which was demobilised in July 1948.
He was portrayed by Gene Hackman in the 1977 war film A Bridge Too Far.

Shortly after the war, the Soviet-Polish government withdrew his Polish citizenship and army pension, Sosabowski manage to bring his wife and their only son out from Poland.
Like many other Polish wartime officers and soldiers who were unable to return to Communist Poland, he then settled in West London.
He found a job as a factory worker at the CAV Electrics assembly plant
He died a quiet man in London on 25 September 1967.
Until his funeral at which his rank and achievements were read out, many of his friends and workmates in England were largely unaware of his military accomplishments.
In 1969, Sosabowski's remains were returned to Poland, where he was reinterred at Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.
 

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In Remembrance
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Paying respect
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Respect
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Paying Respect
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Respect
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Respect
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Memorial of Major General Stanislaw Sosabowski
In 16 Sep 2006. the memorial was unveiled in Driel to honour the Polish hero.
The memorial was raise by the comrade in arms that fought beside Sosabowski in the Battle of Arnhem.
It affirm that, despite the wounding and baseless slander that destroyed his career, his is a great freedom fighter, commander and very great hero.
It was 60 years too late but at last justice has been done.
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Memorial
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Memorial
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No other Allied General during World War II had been so vilified and ostracized by British Command as General Stanislaw Sosabowski.
He was Commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade which fought valiantly in Operation Market Garden,
a battle which ended with disastrous casualties of allied troops including the Polish division.
Sosabowski attempted to divert disaster by warning British command of their flawed strategy
but it was not heeded nor tolerated and ultimately resulted in a swift and humiliating dismissal from his command.
Sosabowski was a brilliant strategist with an illustrious career in the military yet
British command made him a scapegoat so as to avoid admitting their own culpability in the tragic debacle.

To the rest of the world the name Stanislaw Sosabowski has since faded into virtual obscurity.

On 31 May 2006, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands awarded the Military Order of William to the 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade.
Despite British diplomatic pressure, Sosabowski was posthumously awarded the "Bronze Lion".
In part this was the result of a Dutch TV documentary depicting the brigade as having played a far more significant role in Market Garden than had been hitherto acknowledged.
In this film by Geertjan Lassche, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands said the Poles deserved to be honoured with at least a medal.
The following day, on 1 June, a ceremony was held at Driel, the town where the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade fought.
Among the speakers at the ceremony were the mayor of Overbetuwe, as well as Sosabowski's grandson and great-grandson.


In 2007, a Polish documentary was produced that finally exposed the slander and libel that has tarnished the legacy of a great man and a great General.
The film, Honor Generala (A General's Honor) has succeeded in restoring honour to his name, and to the men that served his unit.
 

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***
As the saying, History is written by the victors.
In critical philosophy of history, Victors usually use their political dominance to suppress a weaken allies or a defeated opponent,
by using their version of historical events to favor of their own propaganda, which may go so far as historical revision.

Nations adopting such an approach would likely fashion a "universal" theory of history to support their aims,
with a teleological and deterministic philosophy of history used to justify the inevitableness and rightness of their victories.

History is what judges men, their actions and their opinions.
For students study history today, there will be radically many different view point in respective history event.
I can't tell you what is right or wrong but urge everyone would read history in a open approach and mature understanding. :)
 

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***
As the saying, History is written by the victors.
In critical philosophy of history, Victors usually use their political dominance to suppress a weaken allies or a defeated opponent,
by using their version of historical events to favor of their own propaganda, which may go so far as historical revision.

Nations adopting such an approach would likely fashion a "universal" theory of history to support their aims,
with a teleological and deterministic philosophy of history used to justify the inevitableness and rightness of their victories.

History is what judges men, their actions and their opinions.
For students study history today, there will be radically many different view point in respective history event.
I can't tell you what is right or wrong but urge everyone would read history in a open approach and mature understanding. :)

History, especially that taught in schools, is always skewed. In my days in school, so much time was spent on "The East India Company" - the dirty front of the Imperial British Govt in their dominance in Asia. Typical arrogance of Imperial Britain.

Admiral Mountbatten was honored as a "Great Commander" (sic) He got the job through his "imperial" link, and was responsible for the debacle at Dieppe. And he was responsible, too, for Vietnam continued War after WWII that splint Vietnam into North and South. These names should be removed from our street directory and places!
 

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History, especially that taught in schools, is always skewed. In my days in school, so much time was spent on "The East India Company" - the dirty front of the Imperial British Govt in their dominance in Asia. Typical arrogance of Imperial Britain.

Admiral Mountbatten was honored as a "Great Commander" (sic) He got the job through his "imperial" link, and was responsible for the debacle at Dieppe. And he was responsible, too, for Vietnam continued War after WWII that splint Vietnam into North and South. These names should be removed from our street directory and places!


That's very true, and we have MRT station name after him.
I didn't know he was responsible for Vietnam issue after WWII, thanks for sharing.
 

Nice thread KT!

I liked how you took the effort to research and recreate the photographs. :)
 

On 31 May 2006, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands honour and awarded the Military Order of William to the 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade.
Go thru 0.33 mins onwards to see the award ceremony.

Justice and recognition return 60 years later.
[video=youtube;0V_zrrM2-oE]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0V_zrrM2-oE[/video]
 

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Inspiration video on the Polish hero.
[video=youtube;F4GlDsPjB8w]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4GlDsPjB8w[/video]
 

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Documentary "General Honour" delicate to Major General Stanislaw Sosabowski and 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade.
[video=youtube;aNFPMYr5dg8]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNFPMYr5dg8[/video]
 

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