just in case this is going to go round and round, let me show you an example
i met a photographer back some time who made photographs without a camera (not even a pin-hole camera)
he exposed negatives to light and developed them
his makes aesthetically pleasing abstracts
in a way, he arrived at photograph making without the conventional method of using a camera. that was only possible because of his darkroom knowledge.
The only rule in photography is light. If one uses anything other than light to make image, then it won't be photography anymore. Lenses, camera or equipment isn't the deciding factor, but light.
Similarly, the only rule in science is falsification. If you can prove something (i.e. hypothesis) to be true until proven false (later on), it does not matter if you follow a standard protocol or not.
I think the problem with all the babbling of the "rules" is that we associate different meaning to the same word:
sensu stricto (in the strict sense) and
sensu lato (in the broad sense).
Rules
sensu stricto are those governing the fundamentals in certain occurrences to make it work. Often, these rules are embedded even in the term that we use. For instance, photography can be break down into "photo", which means light; and "graph" which means figure/picture. Hence, the rule of photography is light. Using anything other than light to create image will no longer be in the realm of photography.
Rules
sensu lato are more closely related to preferences. When someone do something, which work 99 out of 100 times, one will see that as a rule that he has to follow. However, this kind of rule can be challenged and broken, and the result is still within the realm of the subject.
For instance, music isn't make up of just consonance (do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti), even though consonances work for most music most of the time. There are people out there who constantly challenges the convention of music, i.e. advant-garde music. Those music are often rejected as "noises" just because it doesn't follow this rule
sensu lato. They are unappealing to the masses, and usually don't enjoy exposure (to the market) as those "artists/ celebrities" who unquestioning follow the convention of music do. To most people, consonance seems to be the rule in music. But to academia, the definition of music varies, but is never limited to the preference of using consonance or not.
Similarly in photography, there are preferences by 99% of the people (I'm exaggerating here) in the how-to of a certain genre of photography. Just because the majority of the people sided so doesn't mean that that become the rule, leaving the 1% of people who think differently to challenge that genre, isn't doing photography.
That's why I'm not in agreement with witness's point of view of making photography work to appease the masses. I'm concurring more with student's point of view of understanding what the photographer wants, for everyone is different. There will bound to be people who are trying to push the envelope. By giving comments/advice of what works, would only turn these people away.
Rules are never ever democratic. If not, who in the right mind would want to pay tax?