In the latest Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) Worldwide Cost of Living (WCOL) survey, Singapore was ranked as the most expensive city for expatriates to live in. The survey aims to measure the cost of living of expatriates working in different parts of the world. It is not intended to reflect the cost of living experienced by Singaporeans.
There are three reasons why this survey does not reflect the cost of living for Singaporeans.
Reason 1: All prices are expressed in US dollars.
Over the last 10 years (i.e. 2003-2013), the Singapore dollar appreciated by nearly 40% cumulatively against the US dollar. It has also appreciated against the currencies of many other cities included in the EIU survey. This has significantly increased the US dollar price of goods and services in Singapore compared to other cities. As the EIU has itself stated, this currency appreciation contributed to a rise in Singapore's ranking in the EIU survey.
However, while the stronger Singapore dollar has increased the expatriate cost of living expressed in US dollars, it does not have this effect for Singaporeans. In fact, with a strong Singapore dollar, the items that we import and our overseas holidays have become cheaper for Singaporeans.
Reason 2: The expatriate items in the EIU basket are quite different from the goods and services regularly consumed by ordinary Singaporeans.
For example, the EIU basket includes items like filet mignon and international foreign daily newspapers.
Reason 3: The prices of comparable items used by EIU in their survey are higher than what Singaporeans really pay.
About 95% of comparable items in the EIU basket have higher prices compared to those collected by the Department of Statistics (DOS) through extensive surveys based on Singaporeans' shopping practices. There was no price difference for items like petrol and taxi fares where all consumers are charged standard rates.
For the items which recorded higher prices in the EIU survey,two-fifths of them were priced more than double what Singaporeans pay. Table 1 shows the prices of some of these comparable items collected by DOS and EIU.
EIU’s WCOL survey is designed to allow HR managers and expatriates to compare the cost of living in 140 cities in 93 countries. It has a useful role in that regard, enabling HR managers to work out appropriate compensation policies when relocating employees, assuming they maintain a lifestyle that is similar to what they might be accustomed to in their home countries. The facts above explain why it does not reflect the cost of living of the typical or average Singaporean household.
http://www.gov.sg/government/web/content/govsg/classic/factually/factually_20140328_eiusurvey