Hokay...alot of good advice here...let me put some sense into this:
note: in analog photography, there is a lot of rule-of-thumb advice,
ie. shortcuts that work for people but it doesn't mean that it will
work for everyone else. this is very different from digital photography
where photoshop instructions are very deterministic.
okay, back to your question: How do you get High Contrast photos.
1. Some films are naturally high contrast. eg. Fuji Acros 100.
2. Compared with old single coated lens, modern lenses are naturally higher in contrast.
eg. Nokton 35/f1.4 MC multi-coated is higher in contrast. Nokton 35/f1.4 SC single coated
is lower in contrast.
3. Underexposure + Over-Development = increase in contrast.
eg. Neopan 400 is supposed to be shot at iso 400, but you expose it at 1600 iso, (ie. 2 stops from 400 -> 800 -> 1600)
and you develop it as-if it were a 1600 film, this is known as pushing.
Increased in Agitation while developing will increase in contrast.
4. The printing part can be adjusted to increase in contrast. In the ole days,
you would take a negative and enlarge it to make a print. Depending on the paper
or the enlarger you can increase the contrast. eg. grade 1 to 5. where 5 is high contrast.
In the modern world, we now scan negatives with our scanner. Increase in contrast
can of course be done digitally through the scanning software or through Photoshop.
5. Other variables:
* Choice of Developer also affects the contrast, eg. Universal developer like PQ Developer results in higher contrasts.
* Your lighting and expsoure
* Filters increase contrasts.
here is an example:
Leica CL with canon 50/f1.9 with yellow filter.
film is tri-x 400, pushed one stop to 800 iso
and developed in t-max developer.
(how many higher contrast elements did you count in there ?)