Not sure if there's a standard definition, but here's my attempt at one...
Standard zoom: a zoom lens that ranges from moderate wide-angle (24mm or 28mm) through the "normal" angles (35, 45, 50, 55, 60mm) into the short telephoto (75, 85, 105mm)
Telephoto zoom: a zoom lens that begins from short tele (70, 75mm) through to the telephoto range (200, 300mm)
Ultra-wide zoom: a zoom lens that begins and ends in the UWA range (8, 10, 12mm to 16, 20, 24mm)
However, is there a need to know what kind of lens? Just know the focal length range can already right?