Hey guys, photos #3, 4 and 5 actually don't come out so straightforward. Apart from a decent camera body (5D Mark II for my case) and wide lens (Canon EF 15mm f/2.8 Fisheye I used), you need a tracking device, which is simply a single-axis motor rotating at the speed of our earth's rotation, to counter the effect of star-trailing in long exposures. Without this device, 5-minute exposures as in photo #3, 4 and 5 will end up as long startrails. A photo of the device I used is shown as below:
The tricky part of using this device is to align precisely the rotating axis with the earth axis, which will easily take half to one hour in southern hemisphere. If you don't have this device and experience, you can achieve similar shots by blowing the aperture wide open to, say f/2.8, and ISO to 3200, take a 30s to 1min exposure at such settings, then you can get a more noisy image with worse edge quality, but with comparable details.