Originally posted by StreetShooter
Trial and error. I set shutter speed fixed at 1/200, and vary the aperture, depending on the zoom length. Shorter zoom length = smaller aperture (f11-f22) because the object is nearer, and therefore the flash is brighter. It also serves to make the depth of field greater, which you need because the subject is nearer. Conversely, at longer zoom lengths I set the aperture larger (up to 5.6) to capture more light. At that zoom length, the relative depth of field is already quite wide, so you can open up the aperture without worrying about too narrow DOF. Works out nicely.
I have found that the magnification changes quite a bit from 75 to 300 mm. 75mm gives the greatest magnification.
My working method is to decide how much magnification I want, move the camera to the appropriate distance to frame the subject nicely, adjust the zoom until the subject is in focus. Then I check what the focal length is (by reading the markings on the lens body) and adjust the aperture (agar agar). Then shoot, check, change, try again.