Ever since 'nautilus' brought up the topic of cutting boards, I did some reading and research on my own. Let me share the knowledge I have acquired with fellow kitchen samurai.
Kitchen Samurai Theory 101 - Cutting Boards.
The most disputed aspect of being a kitchen samurai may not be which knives to buy, how to cut with them or how to sharpen them, but which board to use and how to clean and care for it.
From the standpoint of cutting without damaging the blade of the knife, a wood cutting board made of medium to hard end-grain is the best. With an end-grain board, you can see part of the rings of the tree from which the wood was cut.
The end-grain is easier on the cutting edge than a side-grain so your knife will not dull as fast.
End-grain board (sample 1)
End-grain board (sample 2)
End-grain board (sample 3, bamboo)
Side-grain board
[photos: photobum]
Boards made from end-grain are usually thicker and more expensive than others. Because end-grain boards are usually made of pieces of wood glue together, they are more susceptible to breaking if bumped or dropped. Side-grain boards may begin to chip after extensive use.
The minimum size for a board should be about 18 inches long by 12 inches wide by 1.5 inches thick (45 cm by 30 cm by 4 cm); it should be large enough to easily hold the items you will be cutting without crowding. The board should be heavy enough so it does not slide on the work surface. If it does, lay a damp cotton towel flat underneath the board so it will not slide or rock.
After each use, wooden boards need to be washed and then set out to dry. They should never be stored wet. Use food grade mineral oil (you can purchase this from Ikea, Razorsharp and some pharmacies. Never use baby oil) to condition the surfaces of the board at least once a week if it is used daily. This will prevent the board from split and and crack.
The alternatives to wooden boards are plastic boards made from high-density polyethylene. Like wooden boards, these should be heavy enough so they will not easily shift on the work surface, and they must be anchored with a damp cotton towel. Avoid thin plastic boards or sheets (especially those bending or folding kinds); they move during cutting and rarely sit flat. As this may lead to injury if not careful. If a plastic board warps, replace it.
I have not read any studies on the effects of plastic boards on a cutting edge, but based on my past experience, knives dull faster on plastic boards. Also, plastic boards seem to scratch faster and deeper than wooden boards after heavy use, and they also can stain.
Some health experts suggest separating cutting boards for poultry, meat, fish and vegetables. They also recommend these boards be made of plastic and be color-coded to prevent cross contamination.
The Hospitality Institute of Technology and Management studied the microbiology of cleaning and sanitizing a cutting board, and their conclusion was that wood and plastic boards can be cleaned equally well. "Simply scrubbing the cutting board in flowing water, without the use of detergent, reduce the bacteria enough that even if there were a heavy load of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, or pathogens, there would be so few pathogens remaining that the surface would be consider safe." [O. Peter Synder, The Microbiology of Cleaning and Sanitizing a Cutting Board, Hospitality Institute of Technology and Management, St. Paul, MN, 1997.]